The Minnesota Building Codes: A Guide for Homeowners
July 8, 2024
When it comes to selecting a roofing material for your home, there are numerous options available, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The right choice depends on your budget, climate, aesthetic preferences, and the structure of your house.
Minnesota’s climate, characterized by cold winters with heavy snowfall, hot summers, and significant seasonal temperature variations, influences the choice of roofing materials for homes in the state. Here are the best roofing materials for your home, considering durability, energy efficiency, and resistance to harsh weather conditions. Read through and find out which ones work and don’t work under the Minnesota weather.
1. Asphalt Shingles
Asphalt shingles are made of asphalt, adhesives, fiberglass, and granules on the surface, making them a versatile and popular choice in the roofing market. These shingles offer a balanced mix of cost-effectiveness and performance, with a typical lifespan of over 25 years. Their ease of installation and affordability make them a go-to option for many homeowners.
According to Stephen Riale, the area manager for external learning and development at the GAF Center for Roofing Excellence, asphalt shingles provide excellent value for the dollar. However, they do have some downsides. While the installation costs are attractive, the relatively shorter lifespan compared to other materials might make them less cost-effective in the long run. Additionally, dark asphalt shingles are less energy-efficient and may not offer the same aesthetic appeal as other materials.
There are several types of asphalt shingles to consider:
- Three-tab shingles: These are easy to install and less expensive but have a shorter lifespan of about 20-25 years and limited aesthetic appeal.
- Architectural or dimensional shingles: These offer more color options and visual depth at a higher cost.
- Impact-resistant asphalt shingles: These are designed to perform better against hail, making them ideal for hail-prone areas.
- Designer series or heavyweight shingles: These mimic the look of slate, wood shakes, or redwood cedar, offering a more sophisticated appearance without the higher costs associated with these materials.
Performance in Minnesota:
Asphalt shingles are a common choice in Minnesota due to their affordability and ease of installation. However, they can become brittle and crack in extreme cold. Proper installation and ventilation are crucial to prevent ice dams, which can cause leaks. Dark asphalt shingles can absorb heat, which might be beneficial in winter but could make cooling more challenging in the summer. Their lifespan might be reduced due to the severe temperature fluctuations and weather conditions.
2. Metal Roofing
Metal roofing is made from various alloys, including steel, aluminum, copper, and zinc. Steel, often galvanized or coated with a zinc-aluminum blend (Galvalume), is the most common type. According to Renee Ramey, executive director of the Metal Roofing Alliance, metal roofs are lightweight, durable, and can last over 50 years. They are also highly resistant to extreme weather conditions and can be energy-efficient due to their reflective properties.
Metal roofs are fully recyclable, making them an environmentally friendly option. However, the initial costs can be higher than many other materials. Despite the higher cost, their longevity and minimal maintenance requirements can make them a cost-effective choice in the long run.
Performance in Minnesota:
Metal roofing is highly durable and performs well in Minnesota’s climate. It can withstand heavy snow, ice, and severe storms. Metal roofs are also resistant to freeze-thaw cycles and do not crack like some other materials. Their smooth surface allows snow to slide off easily, reducing the risk of ice dams. Additionally, metal roofs can be painted in light colors to reflect heat, helping with energy efficiency in summer. The higher upfront cost is offset by their longevity and low maintenance needs.
3. Clay and Concrete Tiles
Clay tiles are fired in a kiln to create dense, water-resistant shingles that can be flat or wavy, while concrete tiles are made from a sand-based concrete solution. Both types are known for their durability and can last over 50 years. They are particularly popular in Spanish-style homes in the western United States.
Clay and concrete tiles have a high fire rating and are resistant to high winds and hail. However, they are heavy, requiring a sturdy roof structure, and can be more expensive to install. The installation process is complex and must be handled by experienced professionals to ensure proper reinforcement and to handle the weight.
Performance in Minnesota:
Clay and concrete tiles are not typically recommended for Minnesota’s climate. Their weight requires a strong supporting structure, and they can be susceptible to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The cold temperatures can cause these tiles to crack, and the installation challenges combined with their cost make them less practical for this region. Proper installation and regular maintenance are necessary to mitigate these issues, but alternative materials might be more suitable.
4. Slate Roofing
Slate roofing is made from natural stone, providing a timeless and elegant appearance. Genuine slate roofs are often seen on high-end new constructions and historic homes. They are extremely durable, with a lifespan of 75-100 years or more, and highly resistant to fire, rot, and insects.
However, slate roofing is one of the most expensive options and requires a skilled professional for installation. The heavy weight of slate also necessitates a strong supporting structure. Synthetic slate tiles can offer a similar look at a lower cost and weight, though they may not provide the same level of durability.
Performance in Minnesota:
Slate roofing is highly durable and can withstand harsh weather conditions, making it a good option for Minnesota. It is resistant to freeze-thaw cycles, heavy snow, and ice. Slate is also fire-resistant and has a long lifespan. However, it is heavy and expensive, requiring a strong roof structure and professional installation. Synthetic slate might be a more practical option, offering similar benefits with less weight and cost.
5. Wood Shingles and Shakes
Wood shingles and shakes, often made from cedar, provide a natural and rustic appearance. Shingles are machine-cut and smooth, while shakes are hand-split and ridged. Wood roofs offer excellent insulation, reducing energy costs and providing soundproofing.
Despite their aesthetic appeal, wood roofs require regular maintenance to prevent mold, rot, and insect damage. They also have a lower fire resistance unless treated with a fire retardant. The cost of wood roofing can be higher than asphalt shingles, and they may not be suitable for all climates, particularly those with high humidity or frequent snow.
Performance in Minnesota:
Wood shingles and shakes provide good insulation but require regular maintenance to prevent mold, rot, and insect damage, which can be exacerbated by Minnesota’s humid summers and heavy snowfall. They also need to be treated for fire resistance. The freeze-thaw cycles can cause wood to expand and contract, leading to potential damage over time. Wood roofing might not be the most practical choice due to these maintenance concerns and the risk of moisture damage.
6. Synthetic Roofing
Synthetic roofing materials are designed to mimic the appearance of natural materials like slate, wood, and tile, offering versatility in style. These materials are typically made from plastic, rubber, or polymer composites, making them durable and resistant to extreme weather conditions. They are also lightweight, reducing the strain on the roof structure and simplifying the installation process.
One of the main benefits of synthetic roofing is its eco-friendliness, as it often includes recycled materials and can be recycled at the end of its life. However, the initial cost can be higher than traditional materials like asphalt shingles. Additionally, synthetic roofing is a relatively newer technology, so there is less historical data on its long-term performance.
Performance in Minnesota:
Synthetic roofing materials, designed to mimic natural materials, are durable and weather-resistant, making them suitable for Minnesota’s climate. They are lightweight, reducing the strain on the roof structure, and can handle the temperature fluctuations and heavy snowfall. Synthetic roofing materials often include polymers that resist cracking and damage from freeze-thaw cycles. They offer a good balance of aesthetic appeal, durability, and cost-effectiveness for Minnesota homeowners.
7. Solar Tiles
Solar tiles integrate solar energy absorption into the roofing material itself, providing a renewable energy source while maintaining a traditional roof appearance. These tiles generate electricity, reducing energy bills and dependence on utilities. They are particularly beneficial in areas with high sunlight exposure.
However, solar tiles are expensive to install and have a longer payback period compared to traditional solar panels. They also require a roof in good condition for installation. Despite their high initial cost, the potential for energy savings and the environmental benefits make solar tiles an attractive option for homeowners looking to invest in renewable energy.
Performance in Minnesota:
Solar tiles can be effective in Minnesota, especially if the roof receives ample sunlight. They help reduce energy bills and reliance on utilities. However, the effectiveness of solar tiles can be diminished during the long, snowy winters and shorter daylight hours. Snow accumulation on the roof can obstruct sunlight, reducing their efficiency. Proper installation and regular maintenance are necessary to ensure optimal performance and prevent issues with snow and ice.
8. Green Roofs
Green roofs, or living roofs, feature a waterproof membrane, root barrier, drainage system, soil, and living vegetation. These roofs provide numerous environmental benefits, including improved stormwater management, reduced heat island effect, and enhanced air quality. They also offer excellent insulation, reducing energy costs and prolonging the life of HVAC systems.
However, green roofs are heavy, requiring a robust structural support system. They are also more vulnerable to weather damage and leaks and can be expensive to install and maintain. The unique aesthetic of a green roof may not appeal to everyone, but for those looking for an eco-friendly and visually distinctive roofing option, green roofs are worth considering.
Performance in Minnesota:
Green roofs provide excellent insulation, which is beneficial in Minnesota’s climate. They help reduce heat loss in winter and keep the house cool in summer. However, green roofs are heavy and require a robust structural support system. The plants and soil can be vulnerable to damage from heavy snow and ice. Regular maintenance is essential to ensure proper drainage and prevent leaks. Green roofs can be an eco-friendly option but may require more upkeep in Minnesota’s harsh weather conditions.
9. Rubber Roofing
Rubber roofing, often made from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), is a durable and weather-resistant option for flat or low-slope roofs. EPDM is a type of synthetic rubber that provides excellent waterproofing and UV resistance. Rubber shingles can also be used, offering a lightweight and fire-resistant roofing solution.
While rubber roofing is relatively easy to install, it can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during installation, affecting indoor air quality. The material can also be susceptible to shrinkage and punctures, leading to potential leaks if not installed correctly. Despite these drawbacks, rubber roofing remains a cost-effective and durable choice for many homeowners.
Performance in Minnesota:
Rubber roofing, particularly EPDM, performs well in Minnesota’s climate. It is flexible and can handle the freeze-thaw cycles without cracking. Rubber shingles are lightweight and provide good waterproofing. They are also resistant to UV radiation, which can help during the hot summers. However, rubber roofing can release VOCs during installation, affecting indoor air quality. Proper installation is crucial to prevent leaks and ensure durability.
10. Stone-Coated Steel
Stone-coated steel roofing combines the durability of metal with the aesthetic appeal of traditional roofing materials like clay or wood. This roofing type is resistant to wind, rain, and fire, making it suitable for various climates. Stone-coated steel roofs can last 40-70 years and offer a wide range of styles and colors.
However, stone-coated steel roofs can be expensive to install, and their weight may require additional structural support. Noise from rain or hail can also be an issue if the roof is not properly insulated. Despite these challenges, the combination of durability and visual appeal makes stone-coated steel a popular choice for many homeowners.
Performance in Minnesota:
Stone-coated steel roofing combines the durability of metal with the aesthetic appeal of traditional materials, making it a strong choice for Minnesota. It can withstand heavy snow, ice, and severe storms. The stone coating provides additional protection against the elements and helps with insulation. This type of roofing is resistant to freeze-thaw cycles and has a long lifespan. While the initial cost is higher, the durability and low maintenance make it a cost-effective option in the long run.
11. Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
Built-up roofing (BUR) is a common choice for flat or low-slope roofs. It consists of multiple layers of asphalt and reinforcing felt, creating a composite material that provides excellent waterproofing and durability. BUR is relatively inexpensive and holds up well against foot traffic, making it a practical choice for commercial buildings.
However, BUR can be prone to damage from heat or moisture and can release unpleasant fumes during installation. It is also a heavy roofing option, requiring a strong structural support system. Despite these drawbacks, the cost-effectiveness and durability of BUR make it a viable option for many flat or low-slope roofs.
Performance in Minnesota:
Built-up roofing (BUR) is typically used for flat or low-slope roofs and can handle the heavy snow and ice of Minnesota winters reasonably well. However, BUR can be prone to damage from moisture and freeze-thaw cycles. The material is heavy, requiring a strong structural support system. BUR can release unpleasant fumes during installation, which might be a concern for some homeowners. Despite these challenges, BUR can be a practical choice for certain applications, particularly commercial buildings.
12. Corrugated Roofing
Corrugated roofing is made from sheets of metal, plastic, or fiberglass with a wavy pattern. It is one of the most affordable roofing options and is easy to install. Corrugated roofing is lightweight and durable, making it suitable for sheds, barns, and other outbuildings.
However, corrugated roofing has a shorter lifespan compared to other materials and may not provide the same level of insulation or aesthetic appeal. It is also vulnerable to leaks on flat roofs and can be noisy during rain or hail. Despite these limitations, the cost and ease of installation make corrugated roofing a practical choice for certain applications.
Performance in Minnesota:
Corrugated roofing is lightweight and easy to install, making it an affordable option for sheds, barns, and outbuildings in Minnesota. However, it has a shorter lifespan compared to other materials and may not provide sufficient insulation. It is vulnerable to leaks on flat roofs and can be noisy during rain or hail. Corrugated roofing may not be the best choice for residential homes but can be practical for temporary or auxiliary structures.
Choosing the Best Roofing Material for Your Minnesota Home
When selecting a roofing material, consider factors such as budget, climate, aesthetic preferences, durability, and maintenance requirements. Consulting with a roofing professional can provide valuable insights tailored to your specific situation. They can assess your roof structure, local climate, and other factors to recommend the best material for your needs.
For Minnesota homes, the best roofing materials are those that can withstand extreme weather conditions, offer good insulation, and require minimal maintenance. Asphalt shingles, metal roofing, slate, synthetic roofing, and wood shingles (with proper treatment and maintenance) are all viable options. Homeowners should consider their budget, the specific weather challenges of their area, and their aesthetic preferences when selecting a roofing material. Consulting with our technicians at Weather-Tite Exteriors Minnesota can provide further personalized recommendations based on the unique needs of your home.
By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each roofing material, you can make an informed decision that enhances the longevity, energy efficiency, and visual appeal of your home. Whether you prioritize cost, durability, or environmental impact, there is a roofing material that fits your unique requirements.
